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ÉAP ELA 11/12 Literary Terms

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Each term will be defined in text, song, video and image.

List of Definitions:

Some starters:

Symbols, symbolism:

=//__ ** Examinable Terms and Devices in Literature ** __//=

** Alliteration: Presence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of closely connected words, generally adjacent. **
**Text:** "Dusk demands daylight (...)" - Paul McCann.
 * Photo: **
 * Video:** http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U97lbv0_A2I

** Allusion : Allusions usually come from a body of information that the author presumes the reader will know. **
I’m assuming you think the reference was to the Matrix, but the Matrix was referencing Alice in Wonderland. [|/watch?v=uERc0C7LlqY&feature=related] **Music** // :[] //
 * Definition** : Allusions usually come from a body of information that the author presumes the reader will
 * Video** :[| ’http://www.youtube.com]
 * Text** "Oh, stop being such a Romeo," this would be an allusion to Romeo and Juliet.

Antagonist: Definition: “an opponent or enemy.”
Translation: The bad guy. Video: media type="youtube" key="AEYxb9FjeJI" width="425" height="350" []

Music: //While My Guitar Gently Weeps - George Harisson (The Beatles)// The antagonists in this song are all the people who have taken advantage of, bought and sold "the guitar". media type="file" key="11 - While My Guitar Gently Weeps.mp3" width="240" height="20" Retrieved from: Laura's iTunes

Image: Retrieved from: []

Text excerpt: “I told him I was going to betray you, and betray Lyra, and he believed me because I was corrupt and full of wickedness; he looked so deep I felt sure he'd see the truth. But I lied too well. I was lying with every nerve and fiber and everything I'd ever done...I wanted him to find no good in me, and he didn't. There is none.” – Phillip Pullman (The Amber Spyglass).

** Aside: an actor’s speech, directed to the audience that is not supposed to be heard by other actors on stage. **
Video: [] Music: [] “I can really use a wish right now” Text: “Once upon a time, there was…”

** Audience: The people for whom a piece of literature is written. Also applies to the people who gather to see any performance. **
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaZFvfdietk&feature=related (In this case, the speech is directed to an audience of independence supporting french-canadians.) Text: Photo:

** Atmosphere: **
the pervading tone or mood place situation or work of art. An atmosphere is some thing that surrounds you, ex. ‘’The hotel has a friendly atmosphere’’. []

Ballad:
== **Définition** : A // ballad // is a form of verse, often used as a narrative set to music. There was a fair maid dwellin' Made every youth cry, 'Well-a-day!' Her name was Barbara Allen.
 * Video** :
 * Music** : []
 * Text** : In Scarlet town where I was born

**Bias**: Definition: “an opinion or tendency to be strongly for or against a person or thing.”
Translation: To be for or against something. Video: media type="youtube" key="3RsbmjNLQkc" width="425" height="350" Retrieved from: []

Music: //Piggies - George Harisson (The Beatles)// media type="file" key="12 Piggies.mp3" width="240" height="20" Retrieved from: Laura's iTunes

Image: Retrieved from: []

Text excerpt: “If America taught me anything, it's that quitting is right up there with pissing in the Girl Scouts' lemonade jar.” – Khaled Hosseini (The Kite Runner).

** Blank Verse: Unrhymed verse having a regular meter, usually of iambic pentameter **
Music: [] Video: [] Text: ** The Ball Poem ** ** by ** ** John Berryman ** What is the boy now, who has lost his ball,  What, what is he to do? I saw it go  Merrily bouncing, down the street, and then  Merrily over-there it is in the water!

** Character: A character is a role played in a, play or a film. **
ex. Edward Scissorhands is an character in the movie Peter Pan. []

**Chronological order**: A record of events starting with the earliest and following the order in which they occurred.

 * Photo:**
 * Text:** "John woke up, went to the corner store to buy eggs and came home to make breakfest."
 * Video:** http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bd4f2xeKg08
 * Song:**

Climax: Definition: “the most intense, exciting, or important point of the story.”
Video: media type="youtube" key="_L2d2i7mjoU" width="425" height="350" Retrieved from: [] media type="youtube" key="ZBQN0Dr3N_8" width="425" height="350" Retrieved from: []

Music: media type="youtube" key="LuhLVl5qf2A" width="425" height="350" Retrieved from: []

Image: Retrieved from: []

** Colloquial: Writing in a way that creates the effect of informal spoken language. **
Video: [] Music: [] Text: “Buddy”, “Eh” , “Howdy”

** Conflict (internal, external): **
**Definition :** Internal conflict is a mental or emotional dispute that occurs within a character. External conflict is a struggle that occurs between a character and outside forces, which could be another character or the environment. **Video :** [] The cat does things which are not conforming to accepted standards of behavior.
 * Music :**[]
 * Text :** The Cat in The Hat, that would be man vs society (or cat).

Connotation: Definition: “an idea or feeling suggested by a word in addition to its main meaning.”
Video:

Music: //Music is known to evoke feelings and stir emotions. E.g. major pieces are normally related to happiness and minor pieces are usually related to sadness. Also, low notes may make refer to danger or escape whereas high notes refer to lightness and happiness. Low notes may also be related with warm colours and high notes with cool colours. This well known piece by Bach is known to evoke the feeling of horror and drama because of its low, minor notes.// media type="youtube" key="RnEI22XlxhY" width="425" height="350" Retrieved from: []

Image: RetrIeved from: []

** Contrast: To set in opposition in order to show or emphasize differences. **
Video: [] Photo: [] Music: [] Text: Citizens of our class, unlike third graders, are free to sit where they want at lunch.

==** Comedy: A work of literature in which the author seeks to amuse the reader. A comedy is something that entertains people and makes them laugh. So when someone tells a joke, or watches a comedy movie that makes people laugh it’s called a comedy. **== http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NsJLhRGPv-M

** Compare: Note the similarities and dissimilarities between to objects, characters, etc. **

 * Text:** The legal weight for the ball in baseball must weigh between 5 ounces (142 g) to 5.25 ounces (149 g). Whereas, the ball in cricket must weigh between 5.5 to 5.8 ounces (156 to 164 g)
 * Photo:**

==** Denotation: The literary or primary meaning of a word, as opposed to the emotions and ideas that it evokes or suggests. As opposed to connotation. Also the action of referring to something by means of a symbol, word, etc. **==

** Description: Spoken or written representation or account of a person, object. **
**Text:** Toucan Blue is a four bedroom beachfront house with large deck for outdoor living. It is decorated in fresh, lively colors of the Caribbean with photos of various Roatan scenes placed throughout the house. Ceiling fans and air conditioning are available in each room. Description: http://news.discovery.com/videos/news-shark-attack-survivor-describes-ordeal.html

**Dialogue:**
**Définition**: A dialogue is, a written composition in which two or more characters are having a discussion together. "I don't understand." "Your mother. You said ---"
 * Video :**[]
 * Music :**
 * Text :** "They called me when they couldn't get you."

Direct presentation: Definition: “inferred information based on a character (thoughts, feelings, words and actions) …”
Translation: Information about a character (thoughts, feelings, etc.) Video: media type="youtube" key="MbGNcoB2Y4I" width="425" height="350" Retrieved from: [] media type="youtube" key="MahTKZDHXaA" width="425" height="350" Retrieved from: []

Music:

Image:

Text Excerpt: “Jules was wearing a fur hat and a long leather jacket.” – Heather O’Neil (Lullabies for Little Criminals).

** Drama: A serious story involving sorrow and depression. **


Video: [] Music: [] Text: Shakespeare, Hamlet(1601)

Dynamic character: A character who undergoes permanent and significant change in outlook or character during a story.
Text: Photo: Video:

** Falling action: **
Description : The // fallin //// g //// action // is usually after the climax. It is the parts were it leads to the solution or resolution. Texte : The return home after the battle; re-uniting the rescued person with their loved ones; the trial of the villain; the clearing up after the storm.

Music : []

Video : []

Figurative language: Definition: “… describe something by comparing it with something else.”
Image: Retrieved from: []

First person pt. of view: A text expressing the main characters or narrators opinions by using the term, “I”.
Music: [] Video: [] Text: I am so cool, and I hate cats.

**Flashback**: A scene in a novel set in a time earlier than the main story.
Text: "A grown actor on his childhood" Photo:

** Foil: **
Description: A // foil // is a secondary character that compares with a major character Video : [] Texte example : Romeo and Juliet, Juliet is the secondaty characther compared to the main charachter Romeo.

Foreshadowing: Definition: “Foreshadowing is a literary technique used by many different authors to provide clues for the reader to be able to predict what might occur //later on// in the story.”
Translation: Clues that help the reader predict what might occur later in the story. Video: media type="youtube" key="DLvIFRNbqOs" width="425" height="350"Retrieved from: []

Image: Retrieved from: []

Text excerpt: "Things gotta get better, I figured. They couldn't get any worse. I was wrong." - //The Outsiders//, S.E. Hinton.

Free verse: Verse composed of variable, usually unrhymed lines having no fixed metrical pattern.
Music: [] Video: [] Text: ** Song of Myself ** ** by ** ** Walt Whitman ** I celebrate myself, and sing myself,  And what I assume you shall assume,  For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.  I loaf and invite my soul,  I lean and loaf at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.

**Hyperbole:** A hyperbole is an exaggeration in a claim or statement that is not meant to be taken in a literal manner.
Text: "My backpack weighs a ton." Image:

[[image:baobab-trees-tanzania_21019_990x742.jpg width="438" height="329"]]
Description : An image is a representation of an experience or object.

Text : Baobab trees frame a serene view of night skies in Tarangire National Park, Tanzania. Some species of baobab trees can live for a thousand years—potentially reaching a stunning height of 80 feet (25 meters) and a diameter of 40 feet (12 meters).

Music : [] Video : []

** Imagery: Definition: language using similes and metaphors to produce images in the mind. **
VIdeo: Music: Image: Text excerpt:

Indirect presentation: The appearance of a character, idea, in a way that is not straightforward. (Devious)
Music: [] Video: [] Text: The character that is unknown to the audience, unidentified, not presented straightforwardly.

Limited omniscient point of view: Limited omniscient Point of view is, when the narrator sees into the minds of some but not all of the characters.
Music : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8UJG-mmoOo&feature=fvst

Text :
Omniscient narrator are "all knowing" of everyone's thoughts and feelings in a story. Limited omniscient narrators are all-knowing of either one or a few characters in a story-->

** Lyric: Definition: “a poem that expresses the writer’s thoughts and emotions.” **
VIdeo/MusIc: media type="youtube" key="YrLk4vdY28Q" width="425" height="350" Retrieved from: []

Text excerpt: "Now I've heard there was a secret chord That David played, and it pleased the Lord But you don't really care for music, do you? It goes like this The fourth, the fifth The minor fall, the major lift The baffled king composing Hallelujah Hallelujah Hallelujah Hallelujah Hallelujah" - //Hallelujah//, Leonard Cohen

Metaphor: a statement using “like” or “as” that says that one thing is something else but literally it is not.
Photo: [] Video: [] Music: [] “Lonely, I’m Mr. Lonely” Text: You are the sun in my sky.

Narration: The method authors use to communicate to the readers through text or voice.
Photo:
 * Video:** http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gs43Ug062-Y
 * Music:** http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIURlnIrErE

Image :
Video : []

** Narrator [narrate]: Definition: provide a commentary for a film, television program, etc.” **
Video: media type="youtube" key="V3k-fkOtTDo" width="425" height="350" Retrieved from: []

Image: Retrieved from: []

Objective pt. of view: Gives the situation and the action, but not the thoughts of the characters.
Using language devoid of opinion – (Objective language). Music: [] Video: [] Text: A statement that is completely unbiased. It is not touched by the speaker’s previous experiences or tastes. It is verifiable by looking up facts or performing mathematical calculations.

Personification: Where an inanimate object is given human or animal traits.


Photo: [] Video: [] Music: [] “This town is colder now, I think it’s sick of us” The car walked, skipped, thumped and rumbled as if it were an old granny.

**Onomatopoeia**: The formation of a word based on a sound that it resembles when heard.

 * Image**:
 * Text**: "Pang" "Pow" "Smack"
 * Song**: http://www.youtube.com/?v=5NdOehhlAuQ
 * Video**: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-BVwwKTjlI

Definition : Oxymoron is usually composed of a pair of opposite words (that is usually in a sentence). Image : Text : "//Always and never are two words you should always remember never to use//." - Wendell Johnson. Music : [] Video : []
 * Oxymoron :**

** Paradox: Definition: “a statement that sounds absurd or seems to contradict itself, but may in fact be true.” **
Video: [|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKSUfcHVIJQ&playnext=1&list=PL5F4624E8EFD63E3]

Image: Retrieved from: []

Text excerpt: "When I am on a pedestal, you did not raise me there. Your laws do not compel me to kneel grotesque and bare. I myself am the pedestal for this ugly hump at which you stare."

Point of view: A point of view is when someone is telling the story from his or her own // point of //// view //.
Image : Music : [] Video : [] Text : As I walked up the hill, I realized that the atmosphere was just too quiet. There was no sound from the cardinal who was nearly always singing from the top of the maple tree. I thought I saw a shadow move high up on the slope, but when I looked again it was gone. Still, I shuddered as I felt a silent threat pass over me like a cloud over the sun.

Protagonist: A protagonist is considered to be the main character or hero in a text (novel).


Text: Spiderman Video: [] Music: []

Propaganda: Definition: “information that is often biased or misleading, used to promote a political cause or point of view.”
Video: media type="youtube" key="ShsNocyDepM" width="425" height="350" Retrieved from: [] media type="youtube" key="9ejTf0iu6yY" width="425" height="350" Retrieved from: [|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ejTf0iu6y]

Image: Retrieved from: [] Retrieved from: []

Text : I saw a cat, He wore a big hat! Wow, for such a fellow, Aren't you quite mellow? Video : [] Music : []

Rhyme scheme: Definition: “A rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhyme between lines of a poem or song."
Video: media type="youtube" key="X15BI8xL0W0" width="425" height="350" Retrieved from: []

Image:

[[image:roadlesstravelled-scansion-rhyme-scheme.jpg width="258" height="597"]]
Retrieved from: []

Text excerpt: "If you can wait and not be tired by waiting, Or, being lied about, don't deal in lies, Or, being hated, don't give way to hating, And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise" - //If//, Rudyard Kipling

Rhythm: Used in poetry, to stressed or unstressed, timing and quantity of syllables.
Video: [] Music: [] (-stressed/ unstressed) Text: **force**//fully// – (**BOLD** = STRESSED; //ITALIC =// UNSTRESSED)

Sarcasm: // Sarcasm // is a way of saying something by the opposite of what is meant, in order to upset or mock someone.
Text : Make yourself at home! Clean my kitchen. Well, this day was a total waste of makeup. Video : []

Satire: Definition: "the use of humor, irony, or exaggeration as a form of mockery or criticism."
Video: media type="youtube" key="IJOuoyoMhj8" width="425" height="350" Retrieved from: []

Setting: the time, place, physical details, and circumstances in which a situation occurs.
Photo: [] Video: [] Music: [] Text: 2010 Vancouver Olympics

Speaker: Definition: “a person who speaks.”
Video: media type="youtube" key="Fe751kMBwms" width="425" height="350" Retrieved from: []

Image:

[[image:Sarah_Palin_speaks_7b01.JPG width="206" height="233"]]
Retrieved from: []

Text excerpt: " ‘Comrades,’ he said, ‘I trust that every animal here appreciates the sacrifice that Comrade Napoleon has made in taking this extra labour upon himself. Do not imagine, comrades, that leadership is a pleasure! On the contrary, it is a deep and heavy responsibility. No one believes more firmly than Comrade Napoleon that all animals are equal. He would be only too happy to let you make your decisions for yourselves. But sometimes you might make the wrong decisions, comrades, and then where should we be? Suppose you had decided to follow Snowball, with his moonshine of windmills — Snowball, who, as we now know, was no better than a criminal?’ " - Squeeler in //Animal Farm//.

Stanza: One of the divisions of a poem, composed of two or more lines.


Music: [] Video: [] Text: " Little Lamb who made thee  Dost thou know who made thee  Gave thee life & bid thee feed.  By the stream & o'er the mead;  Gave thee clothing of delight,  Softest clothing wooly bright;  Gave thee such a tender voice,  Making all the vales rejoice!  Little Lamb who made thee  Dost thou know who made thee."

Style: Style, is the way you write, as opposed to what you write about.
Text : Natural style. Artificial style. Genre style. Assumed style. Simple style. Conversational style. Readability. Viewpoint.

Suspense: Definition: “a state of excited or anxious uncertainty about what may happen.”
Video: media type="youtube" key="jtGWOQ3R10w" width="425" height="350" Retrieved from: []

Symbol; symbolism: Something that represents something else by association or resemblance.
Video: [] Music: [] Text: A flag is a symbol for a country.

Tragedy: A drama in which the main character is to ruin or suffers extreme pain.
Text : Tragedy usually has an ending that is not happy, but has a purpose. In Grand Tornio the old man was killed, which was sad, but in a positive light he ensured all the gang members would go to prison and leave his neighbors alone. Video : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaObaj-gKRI Music : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjvqY-U9gV0

Understatement: Definition: “to present or express in a subtle and effective way.”
Video: media type="youtube" key="dhRUe-gz690" width="425" height="350" Retrieved from: []

Text excerpt: "It's just a flesh wound." - Black knight after having lost both arms in //Monty Python and the Holy Grail//.